KONVENSYEN ANTARABANGSA MENGENAI PENGHAPUSAN SEMUA BENTUK DISKRIMINASI KAUM (ICERD): POLEMIK, SENTIMEN DAN REALITI

Abd Aziz A’zmi, Fabli Yusof

Abstract


International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) atau Konvensyen Antarabangsa Mengenai Penghapusan Semua Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum ialah konvensyen antarabangsa yang mula diperkenalkan oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (PBB) di New York pada 1965. ICERD bukan perkara baharu namun konvesyen ini tidak pernah diperkatakan secara meluas di Malaysia bahkan masyarakat kebanyakannya tidak menyedari kewujudan konvensyen ini. Pada tahun 2018, ICERD mendapat perhatian umum di Malaysia. Ia menjadi sensasi kerana didakwa akan menghapuskan dasar afirmatif iaitu Perkara 153 Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana ICERD mula dipolemikkan di Malaysia. Perbincangan juga menjurus kepada implikasi yang mungkin berlaku sekiranya ICERD diratifikasi sehingga menimbulkan sentimen negatif dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu-Islam dan membawa kepada perhimpunan besar-besaran menolak ratifikasi ICERD.

Keywords


: ICERD, ratifikasi, Melayu, diskriminasi, hak

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdul Hamid Mohamad. 9 November 2018. Speeches, Working Papers & Lectures. Tun Abdul

Hamid Mohamad. Diakses dari http://www.tunabdulhamid.my/index.php/speechpapers-lectures/item/downl.

Ahmad Yazid Othman, Lukman Sheriff Alias and Aidil Khalid, Free Malaysia Today

https://www.malaysia-today.net/2018/10/25/signing-convention-on-racialdiscrimination-easier-said-than-done/

Aminuddin Yahaya. 26 Februari 2019. Apa pengajaran dari Himpunan Bantah Icerd?

Malaysiakini. Diakses dari https://www.malaysiakini.com/columns/465577.

Amy Chew. 15 Disember 2018. Race and religion - when 'new Malaysia' faces off against old

forces. CNA. Diakses dari https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-antiicerd-rally-political-dimension-11029430.

Angaindrankumar Gnanasagaran. 18 Disember 2018. ICERD non-ratification tarnishes

Malaysia’s image. The Asean Post. Diakses dari https://theaseanpost.com/article/icerdnon-ratification-tarnishes-malaysias-image.

Astro Awani. 21 November 2018. Kerajaan sedia tangguh ratifikasi ICERD – Saifuddin.

Diakses dari https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/kerajaan-sedia-tangguhratifikasi-icerd-saifuddin-191727

Astro Awani. 23 November 2018. Kerajaan nyata pendirian tidak akan meratifikasikan ICERD.

Diakses dari https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/kerajaan-nyata-pendiriantidak-akan-meratifikasikan-icerd-191861.

Astro Awani. 24 November 2018. Bersatu sokong penuh tindakan kerajaan tidak ratifikasi

ICERD. Diakses dari https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/bersatu-sokong-penuhtindakan-kerajaan-tidak-ratifikasi-icerd-191915.

Audiovisual Library of International Law. N.d. International Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Diakses dari

https://legan.un.org/avl/ha/cerd/cerd.html.

Fadilla Shaharom & Mahamatayuding Samah. 2017. Ratifikasi CEDAW Di Malaysia: Kesan

Menurut Undang-Undang Dan Hukum Syarak. Journal of Shariah Law Research. Vol.

(2). 207-234. Diakses dari

https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JSLR/article/view/4174/2025.

Halmie Azrie. December 24, 2018. En Route To Icerd: Malaysia at An Impasse (Part 2). Iman

Research. Diakses dari https://Imanresearch.Com/Panji-Alam-Monographs/En-RouteTo-Icerd-Malaysia-At-An-Impasse-Part-2/

Hilmi Malik. 6 Disember 2018. ICERD: Rakyat Malaysia jadi mangsa mitos dan salah faham

- Kit Siang. Astro Awani. Diakses dari https://www.astroawani.com/beritamalaysia/icerd-rakyat-malaysia-jadi-mangsa-mitos-dan-salah-faham-kit-siang-192957.

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)

Document.

James Chin. 12 Disember 2018. Commentary: So much for a new Malaysia. CNA Online.

Diakses dari https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/malaysia-anti-icerdwhite-shirts-rally-race-religion-politics-11023236.

Jefferi Hamzah Sendut. 11 November 2018. Malaysia and the ICERD: Closer to Home Than

You’d Think. Diakses dari https://medium.com/@jhs_/malaysia-and-the-icerd-closer-tohome-than-youd-think-6afd97ab68cc.

Kamilia Khairul Anuar. 7 Januari 2019. Analysing Malaysia’s refusal to ratify the ICERD.

OxHRH Blog. Diakses dari https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/analysing-malaysias-refusal-toratify-the-icerd.

Luqman Arif Abdul Karim. 15 November 2018. Bantah ICERD sebab tak faham. Diakses dari

https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2018/11/498247/bantah-icerd-sebab-takfaham.

M. Veera Pandiyan. 12 Disember 2018. Icerd and the politics of fear. The Star. Diakses dari

https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/along-thewatchtower/2018/12/12/icerd-and-the-politics-of-fear-the-dec-8-rally-against-the-untreaty-is-a-classic-example-of-how-pol

Malaysia Dateline. 2018. WAWANCARA: Apa makna sebenar retifikasi ICERD. 23

November. Diakses dari https://malaysiadateline.com/wawancara-apa-makna-sebenarretifikasi-icerd/.

Malaysiakini Special Report. 2018. The ICERD Outrage. Diakses dari

https://pages.malaysiakini.com/icerd/en/.

Martin Carvalho. 20 Julai 2018. Saifuddin pledges to push for ratification of six international

human rights conventions. The Star. Diakses dari

thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/02/Saifuddin-pledges-to-push-for-ratification-ofsix-international-human-rights-convention/.

Mohd Hafiz Ismail. 23 November 2018. Sinar Harian Online. Diakses dari

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/734/BERITA/Nasional/ICERD-Saifuddinperlu-letak-jawatan.

Muhamad Nadzri Mohamed Noor. 2020. Pilihan Raya Dan Politik Malaysia Pasca PRU 2018:

Persaingan, Dinamik dan Implikasi. Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics &

Strategic Studies. Vol. 47 (1) (April 2020): 150-175.

New Straits Times. 24 November 2018. Why Malaysia backpedalled on ICERD ratification.

Diakses dari https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/434078/why-malaysiabackpedalled-icerd-ratification

Nor Fazlina. 17 November 2018. PPBM reiterates rejection of ICERD, says it is ‘unnecessary’.

New Straits Times Online. Diakses dari https://www.

nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/11/432227/ ppbm-reiterates–rejection-icerd-says-itunnecessary.

Raziatul Hanum A.Rajak. 24 November 2018. Tiga sebab ICERD tidak sesuai di Malaysia.

Sinar Harian. Diakses dari

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/839/BERITA/Nasional/Tiga-sebab-ICERDtidak-sesuai-di-Malaysia

Safeek Afendy Razali. 8 Disember 2018. 55,000 peserta hadir Himpunan ICERD, kata Polis

[METROTV]. myMetro. Diakses dari

https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2018/12/401844/55000-peserta-hadir-himpunanicerd-kata-polis-metrotv

Shad Saleem Faruqi. 25 November 2018. To ratify or not to ratify no longer the question. The

Star. Diakses dari https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/25/to-ratify-or-notto-ratify-no-longer-the-question-but-the-icerd-remains-a-tempest-in-a-political-tea/

by shad saleem faruqi

Shahrul Mizan Ismail. 16 November 2018. ICERD, human rights and why Malaysia must

practise good faith — Shahrul Mizan Ismail. Malay Mail. Diakses dari

https://www.malaymail.com/news/what-you-think/2018/11/16/icerd-human-rights-andwhy-malaysia-must-practise-good-faith-shahrul-mizan/1694118

Syahirah Syed Jaafar. 18 November 2020. ICERD ratification should be revisited by new govt,

say political analysts. The Edge Markets Online. Diakses dari

https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/icerd-ratification-should-be-revisited-newgovt-say-political-analysts

United Nations Human Rights Office of The High Commissioner. n.d. International Convention

on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Diakses dari

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cerd.aspx

United Nations Human Rights Office of The High Commissioner. n.d. Status Of Ratification

Interactive Dashboard. Diakses dari https://indicators.ohchr.org/.

United Nations Treaty Collections. n.d. Chapter IV Human Rights. Diakses dari

https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV2&chapter=4.

Zulkifli Mohamad Al Bakri. 24 Nov 2018. ICERD tidak sesuai dilaksanakan di Malaysia. The

Malaysian Insight. Diakses dari https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/bahasa/s/113855.

STATUT

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, 2012.

KES-KES

Iki Putra bin Mubarak lwn Kerajaan Negeri Selangor (BKA-3-11/2019)

Jill Ireland binti Lawrence lwn Menteri bagi Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan yang lain (R4

(2)-25-256-2008)

Beatrice a/p At Fernandez v Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia and Anor [2004] 4 MLJ

Beatrice A/P Fernandez v. Sistem Penerbangan Malaysia & Anor [2004] 3 MLJ

Noorfadila Ahmad Saiki v. Chayed Basirun [2012] 1 MLJ


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.