PENDIDIKAN KEJURURAWATAN DI MALAYSIA: SATU SOROTAN SEJARAH

Norizan Mohd Noh, Siti Fatimah Md. Shariff, Zairina Zaimarol

Abstract


Menurut penulisan barat, Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) merupakan pelopor kepada era kejururawatan moden pada 1850an, namun  negara Timur Tengah mengiktiraf Rufaidah binti Sa’ad Bani Aslam al-Khazraj yang hidup sezaman dengan Nabi Muhamad (s.a.w.) kira-kira (570 Masehi - 632 Masehi) sebagai pengasas kepada era kejururawatan moden. Profesion kejururawatan telah diperkenalkan di Tanah Melayu sejak 1800 bermula dengan rahib dan biara yang dibawa oleh pemerintah British.  Selain itu, penubuhan hospital di Negeri-Negeri Selat (NNS) telah merancakkan keperluan dan permintaan terhadap jururawat. Rentetan itu, latihan kejururawatan formal telah diberikan kepada rakyat tempatan dengan penubuhan kolej kejururawatan yang pertama dibuka di Pulau Pinang pada tahun 1947. Atas dasar itu, matlamat utama artikel ini memfokuskan tulisan sejarah awal kejururawatan di Malaysia dan meneliti perkembangan pendidikan kejururawatan di Malaysia kini. Selepas kemerdekaan, Akta Jururawat 1950 (Akta 14) dan Ordinan Pendaftaran Jururawat telah ditubuhkan dengan memperuntukkan penubuhan Lembaga Jururawat Malaysia (LJM) bagi mengawal latihan, peperiksaan, perlesenan dan pendaftaran yang standard berkaitan dengan amalan kejururawatan dan akan mengiktiraf pelatih sebagai jururawat profesional. Penglibatan institusi pengajian tinggi awam dan swasta selepas kemerdekaan telah merancakkan lagi perkembangan pendidikan kejururawatan di Malaysia yang telah mengangkat martabat profesion kejururawatan setanding dengan profesion lain di dunia.


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